Six-Layer Defense Model

Security Architecture

VoteSecured employs a defense-in-depth security model with six distinct layers of protection, ensuring that no single point of failure can compromise election integrity or voter privacy.

Security Controls
474
Penetration Tests Passed
100%
Threat Detection Time
<15ms
Security Certifications
12

Six Security Layers

Layer 1: Physical Security

Hardened physical infrastructure with multi-zone access controls protecting all server hardware, network equipment, and backup systems from unauthorized physical access.

  • SOC 2 Type II certified data centers
  • Biometric access controls with mantrap entry
  • 24/7 armed security and CCTV surveillance
  • Environmental monitoring (temperature, humidity, seismic)
  • Redundant power with N+1 UPS and generator backup

Layer 2: Network Security

Multi-tiered network architecture with zero-trust principles, advanced firewall systems, and real-time traffic analysis to detect and block threats before they reach application layers.

  • Zero-trust network architecture (ZTNA)
  • Next-generation firewalls with deep packet inspection
  • DDoS mitigation with 10Tbps+ scrubbing capacity
  • Micro-segmentation isolating election workloads
  • Encrypted VPN tunnels for all inter-zone communication

Layer 3: Application Security

Secure software development lifecycle with continuous testing, runtime protection, and automated vulnerability management across every component of the voting platform.

  • OWASP Top 10 protection with WAF integration
  • SAST, DAST, and IAST scanning in CI/CD pipeline
  • Runtime Application Self-Protection (RASP)
  • Content Security Policy (CSP) and HSTS enforcement
  • Input validation and parameterized query enforcement

Layer 4: Data Security

Comprehensive data protection covering every stage of the data lifecycle, from initial collection through processing, storage, and eventual secure disposal.

  • AES-256-GCM encryption at rest and in transit
  • Hardware Security Modules (HSM) for key management
  • Data loss prevention (DLP) policies and monitoring
  • Automated backup with geo-redundant replication
  • Secure data disposal with cryptographic erasure

Layer 5: Cryptographic Layer

Advanced cryptographic protocols providing mathematical guarantees of vote integrity, privacy, and verifiability using cutting-edge zero-knowledge proof systems.

  • zk-SNARKs for vote validity without revealing choices
  • Homomorphic encryption for privacy-preserving tallying
  • Post-quantum cryptography (CRYSTALS-Kyber, Dilithium)
  • Threshold cryptography for distributed key management
  • Verifiable random functions for fair randomness

Layer 6: Operational Security

Continuous monitoring, incident response, and security operations ensuring round-the-clock protection with rapid detection and response to any security events.

  • 24/7 Security Operations Center (SOC) monitoring
  • SIEM with ML-powered anomaly detection
  • Automated incident response playbooks
  • Regular red team exercises and tabletop drills
  • Bug bounty program with responsible disclosure

Compliance Standards

Federal Standards

Full compliance with federal election security mandates and information security frameworks required for government systems processing sensitive data.

  • EAC VVSG 2.0 certified voting system
  • NIST 800-53 Rev. 5 High Impact baseline
  • FIPS 140-2 Level 3 cryptographic modules
  • FedRAMP High authorization pathway
  • CISA election infrastructure security directives

International Standards

Globally recognized security certifications enabling deployment across international jurisdictions with varying regulatory requirements and data sovereignty laws.

  • Common Criteria EAL4+ certification
  • ISO 27001 Information Security Management
  • ISO 27701 Privacy Information Management
  • GDPR and international data protection compliance
  • IEEE 1622 voting system interoperability

Industry Standards

Additional industry certifications and audit reports demonstrating operational excellence and commitment to security best practices across all business operations.

  • SOC 2 Type II audit reports
  • PCI DSS Level 1 for payment processing
  • CSA STAR Level 2 cloud security
  • CIS Controls v8 implementation
  • OWASP Application Security Verification Standard

Threat Model

Nation-State Actors

Protection against sophisticated state-sponsored attacks through advanced persistent threat (APT) detection, air-gapped backup systems, and intelligence-sharing partnerships with federal agencies.

Insider Threats

Multi-party computation and threshold cryptography ensure that no single administrator can access or modify vote data. All privileged actions require cryptographic quorum approval.

Supply Chain Attacks

Comprehensive software bill of materials (SBOM), reproducible builds, and continuous dependency scanning protect against compromised libraries and third-party components.

Denial of Service

Multi-layer DDoS mitigation with 10Tbps+ scrubbing capacity, anycast routing, geographic load distribution, and offline voting fallback capabilities ensure uninterrupted election operations.

Frequently Asked Questions

VoteSecured's six-layer defense model is specifically designed to withstand advanced persistent threats from nation-state actors. Our architecture combines zero-trust network segmentation, post-quantum cryptography, 24/7 SOC monitoring with ML-powered anomaly detection, and intelligence-sharing partnerships with CISA and other federal agencies. Air-gapped backup systems and offline voting fallback capabilities ensure election continuity even under sustained attack.

Our defense-in-depth approach means that each layer operates independently and provides protection even if adjacent layers are breached. If any single layer is compromised, the remaining five layers continue to protect election integrity. Automated incident response immediately isolates affected components, alerts the SOC team, and activates containment playbooks. The cryptographic layer provides mathematical guarantees that vote data remains tamper-proof regardless of infrastructure-level compromises.

VoteSecured undergoes continuous independent security assessment. We conduct quarterly penetration testing by multiple CREST-certified firms, annual SOC 2 Type II audits, biannual Common Criteria evaluations, and ongoing bug bounty programs. Red team exercises simulating real-world attack scenarios are performed before every major election deployment. All audit reports are available to election officials under NDA.

Yes. VoteSecured has already integrated NIST-standardized post-quantum cryptographic algorithms including CRYSTALS-Kyber for key encapsulation and CRYSTALS-Dilithium for digital signatures. Our crypto-agility framework allows seamless algorithm migration without system downtime. We maintain a dedicated quantum readiness team that monitors advances in quantum computing and continuously evaluates emerging post-quantum candidates.

Ready to Review Our Security?

Schedule a confidential security briefing with our CISO to discuss architecture details and compliance documentation.